What is the main purpose of the fetch-execute cycle?

To store instructions in RAM

To run instructions stored in memory

To access files on the hard drive

What is a primary key used for?

Sorting data into alphabetical order

Formatting the display of a table

Uniquely identifying each record

What is the correct SQL syntax to insert data into a table?

APPEND ROW table_name (...)

ADD TO table_name SET ...

INSERT INTO table_name (...) VALUES (...)

What does the transport layer in the TCP/IP model do?

Encrypts web traffic

Manages end-to-end communication between devices

Stores network data

Which symbol means "greater than or equal to"?

>=

=>

=<

What is one argument governments use to justify data access?

It makes social media more popular

It increases online shopping

It helps prevent terrorism and crime

Which of the following is a common cyber security risk?

Software not loading quickly

Hacking into systems

Screens being too bright

Which situation would need a binary shift?

Comparing characters in a string

Multiplying a number by 4

Sorting a list alphabetically

What is a key difference between linear and binary search?

Binary search is faster on sorted lists

Linear search only works on even numbers

Binary search doesn't require a list

What is the main purpose of cyber security?

To increase computer speed

To delete unused files

To protect systems and data from unauthorised access or damage

Which SQL clause would you use to filter specific results?

FROM

WHERE

ORDER BY

Which memory is fastest to access?

Register

RAM

Hard drive

Why do programmers use subroutines?

To test random inputs

To break code into manageable parts

To slow down execution

Why is a compiler used in programming?

Runs the code line by line

Stores programs in the cloud

Translates all code at once into machine code

Which SQL command is used to delete data?

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition

REMOVE DATA table_name

CLEAR table_name

What does the term ‘malware’ refer to?

Malicious software designed to harm or exploit a system

Software updates

A strong encryption method

Which security method uses fingerprints or facial recognition?

Passwords

Two-factor authentication

Biometric measures

What is pharming?

A way of shoulder surfing

Redirecting users to a fake website

Encrypting files and demanding payment

Why do we use flowcharts or pseudo-code?

To clearly show how an algorithm works

To show the appearance of the final program

To test hardware components

What is the main purpose of using a constant in a program?

Its value doesn't change

It can be renamed

It stores user input

What is the decimal value of the binary number 10101010?

170

180

190

In a database table, what is a record?

A complete row of data

A column heading

A type of relationship

What is a Trojan?

Software that protects against viruses

A kind of phishing website

Malware disguised as legitimate software

What is a database?

A programming language

A network of websites

An organised collection of data

How does a binary search work?

Searches every item one at a time

Divides the list in half each time

Sorts the list using bubble sort

Why do we compress data?

To add more colours

To improve data quality

To reduce file size

What is a common feature of shoulder surfing?

Guessing weak passwords

Sending fake links via email

Watching someone type in a password

What is one risk of computer-based implants?

They increase exercise performance too much

They may be hacked or malfunction

They can't be updated

What is the hexadecimal value for binary 11110000?

F0

FF

0F

What ethical issue arises from wireless networking in public spaces?

Devices may run out of battery

The signal strength might be weak

Data could be intercepted by malicious users

What is an environmental concern related to digital technologies?

Faster data speeds

Too many users online

Increased electronic waste

How does a linear search work?

Jumps to the middle of a list each time

Checks each item one by one

Sorts the list before searching

Which command is used to retrieve specific columns from a table?

SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name

CHOOSE column1 FROM table_name

PICK column1 IN table_name

Why is it important to use meaningful variable names?

To make code easier to understand

To confuse the examiner

To make the program faster

What does the control unit in the CPU do?

Manages execution of instructions

Stores data permanently

Performs calculations

Which of these best describes a computer program?

A visual diagram of a computer

A set of cables and hardware

An implementation of an algorithm

What does a Huffman tree help us do?

Store binary numbers

Compress text using shorter codes

Represent colour data

What is social engineering?

Physically damaging a server

Hacking a router using code

Tricking people into revealing confidential information

Which is an example of phishing?

Creating a backup file

Sending a fake email to steal passwords

Watching a screen over someone’s shoulder

What is a CAPTCHA used for?

To confirm a user is human

To test internet speed

To scan for malware

What does the SQL command SELECT * FROM Students do?

Deletes all data from the Students table

Retrieves all data from the Students table

Changes the Students table name

What’s one advantage of using a WAN over a LAN?

Requires fewer routers

Connects devices over large distances

Is not affected by firewalls

Which of these is a way to protect against malware?

Installing antivirus software

Using default passwords

Disabling firewalls

How can automatic software updates help prevent cyber attacks?

They patch known vulnerabilities

They make software look newer

They save battery life

What does the MOD operator return?

The result of a subtraction

The remainder of a division

A random number

What number base do computers use to store data and instructions?

Binary

Decimal

Hexadecimal

Which protocol would be used to send email from a client to a server?

IMAP

SMTP

HTTPS

What is the main advantage of Unicode over ASCII?

It uses fewer bits

It can represent more characters

It's easier for computers to read

What is the binary version of the decimal number 13?

1110

1101

1011

What is an algorithm?

A type of programming language

A type of computer memory

A sequence of steps to complete a task

In external penetration testing, what does the tester have access to?

No credentials or internal knowledge

Full admin access

The network firewall only

What is the role of governments in digital surveillance?

To design new operating systems

To ensure national security

To create social media platforms

Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles IP addressing and routing?

Application layer

Link layer

Internet layer

What is a relational database?

A database with multiple related tables

A spreadsheet with formulas

A text file with saved data